Which English noun corresponds to the German term for systemic bias based on race?

• A. racism
• B. prejudice
• C. discrimination
• D. bias

Answer: (A)

Racism is the term that captures systemic bias based on race because it names both the beliefs that some races are superior and the ways those beliefs are woven into the structures of society. It covers patterns in laws, policies, institutions, and everyday practices that lead to unequal outcomes for racial groups, not just individual thoughts or isolated actions. Prejudice refers to biased attitudes, discrimination to unfair treatment in behavior, and bias to a general inclination that may or may not be tied to a system. When the focus is on how race shapes opportunities and treatment across institutions, racism is the most accurate English term.