How do socioeconomic status and race intersect to affect opportunity, and what approaches can reduce gaps?

• A. They operate independently; no combined effects.
• B. They compound disadvantage via resources, networks, and systemic biases; approaches include targeted supports, equitable funding, inclusive policies, and bias training.
• C. They affect only health outcomes, not education or employment.
• D. They can be resolved by market forces alone.

Answer: (B)